Baseline report

Data

The 2021 NCAS shows the mean Australian Gender Inequality Scale score to be 67.

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Data source

National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032 Outcomes Framework

Released every four years

Data

In 2021, 43 per cent of young women (aged 16 – 24 years old) reject attitudes that underpin gender inequality compared to 20 per cent of young men.

This compares to 25 per cent of all women and 21 per cent of all men. 

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Data source

Attitudes matter: The 2021 National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS), Findings for young Australians (research report, 08/2023)

Released every four years

Data

In 2017, 20.2 per cent of heterosexual couples aged under 65 with at least one member employed were female-breadwinners (i.e. the female earned more than her male partner). (19.3 per cent in 2001). 

• Female-breadwinner couples were 15.0 per cent of couples with dependent children and 28.3 per cent of couples without dependent children.
• Female-breadwinner couples were 18.5 per cent of couples where both hold a university degree, 11.4 per cent of couples where only the male holds a university degree, 31.7 per cent of couples where only the female holds a university degree, and 18.7 per cent of couples were neither holds a university degree.
• Female-breadwinner couples were 17.7 per cent of couples where both were born in a non-mainly English speaking country, 19.7 per cent of couples where only the male was born in a non-mainly English speaking country, 22.6 per cent of couples where only the female was born in a non-mainly English speaking country and 20.5 per cent of couples where neither was born in a non-mainly English speaking country.
• Female breadwinner couples were 21.8 per cent of couples where the age of the male was under 30 years, 14.9 per cent of couples where the male was between 30-39 years, 18.1 per cent of couples where the male was between 40-49 years and 25.2 per cent of couples where the male was over 50 years.
• Female breadwinner couples were 20.3 per cent of couples where the age of the female was under 30 years, 15.1 per cent of couples where the female was between 30-39 years, 19.6 per cent of couples where the female was between 40-49 years, and 27.1 per cent of couples where the female was over the age of 50.
• Female breadwinner couples were 19.4 per cent of couples in major urban areas, 18.8 per cent of couples in other urban areas, and 25.4 per cent of couples in non-urban regions.

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Data source

HILDA Statistical Report 2019 | HILDA

Reported on every three to four years

Data

In 2021, 47 per cent of year 12 STEM subject enrolments were female students.

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Data source

STEM Equity Monitor | Department of Industry, Science and Resources

Annual release

Data

In 2021, the proportion of male enrolments in year 12 subjects was:

• 27 per cent of enrolments in health subjects
• 37 per cent of enrolments in creative arts subjects.

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Data source

STEM Equity Monitor | Department of Industry, Science and Resources

Annual release

Data

In 2022, the most gender-segregated university enrolments by broad field of study were:

• 79.8 per cent male in engineering and related technologies
• 75.5 per cent female in education
• 75.1 per cent male in information technology
• 74.6 per cent female in health
• 67.5 per cent female in society and culture.

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Data source

Selected Higher Education Statistics – 2022 Student data | Department of Education, Australian Government

Annual release

Data

In 2019, men’s average score was 5.4 and women’s average score was 5.6, indicating women were slightly more likely to agree. (1–7 scale, where 7 is 'strongly agree')

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Data source

HILDA Statistical Report 2021 | HILDA

Data is collected every three to four years

Data

In 2019, men's average score was 3.1 and women’s average score was 2.7, indicating men were more likely to agree. (1–7 scale, where 7 is 'strongly agree')

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Data source

HILDA Statistical Report 2021 | HILDA

Data is collected every three to four years

Data

In 2020‒21, the female intimate partner homicide rate was 0.25 per 100,000.

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Data source

• National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032 Outcomes Framework
• 2020-21 National Homicide Monitoring Program | Australian Institute of Criminology

Annual release

Data

In 2021, the NCAS Attitudes towards Violence against Women Scale (AVAWS) mean score was 68. 

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Data source

• National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032 Outcomes Framework
• Attitudes matter: The 2021 National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS), Findings for Australia

Released every four years

Data

In 2018-19, 8.4 per cent of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander females aged 15 years and over experienced domestic physical or face-to-face threatened physical harm. 

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Data source

Closing the Gap – Outcome area 13 | Productivity Commission

Irregular release

Data

In 2021-22, 22 per cent of women and 6.1 per cent of men have experienced sexual violence since the age of 15.

In the two years to 2021-22, 3.0 per cent of women aged 18 years and over experienced sexual violence. 

• 12.4 per cent of women aged 18 to 24 years had recent experience, compared to 4.5 per cent of women aged 25-34 years, 2.5 per cent of women aged 35-44 years, 1.9 per cent of women aged 45-54 years and 0.5 per cent of women aged 55 years and over.
• 4.0 per cent of women with disability had recent experience, compared to 2.5 per cent of women without disability.
• 13 per cent of women who identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual (LGB) or who used a different term such as asexual, pansexual or queer had recent experience, compared to 2.4 per cent of women who identified as heterosexual.
• 7.6 per cent of single mothers with children under the age of 15 years had recent experience, compared to 5.6 per cent of single mothers with older or non-dependent children, 4.7 per cent of women who live by themselves or in a share house, 2 per cent of women in a couple family with children, and 1.2 per cent of women in a couple family with no children.
• 7.1 per cent of women who were renting had recent experience, compared to 1.5 per cent of women who owned their own home.
• Rates of recent sexual violence were higher for women who experienced one or more recent cash flow problems (8.1 per cent) or who were unable to raise $2,000 within a week for something important (6.6 per cent).
• Rates of recent sexual violence were higher for women living in a capital city (3.4 per cent) compared to women living outside of a capital city (2.3 per cent).

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Data source

Sexual violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au)

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, an estimated 1.7 million people (8.7 per cent) experienced sexual harassment in the last 12 months, including:

• 13 per cent of women (1.3 million)
• 4.5 per cent of men (426,800).

Recent experience of sexual harassment was:

• highest among women aged 18 to 24 years (35 per cent) 
• lowest among women aged 65 years and over (3.2 per cent).

Recent experience of sexual harassment was higher for:

• women who identified as LGB or who used a different term such as asexual, pansexual or queer (37 per cent) compared to women who identified as heterosexual (11 per cent)
• women with disability (14 per cent) compared to women without disability (12 per cent)
• women who were unemployed (29 per cent) compared to employed women (15 per cent) and women not in the labour force (7.4 per cent)
• women born in Australia (14 per cent) compared to women born overseas (8.4 per cent)
• women living in a capital city (14 per cent) compared to women living outside a capital city (11 per cent)
• women who experienced recent cash flow problems (27 per cent) compared to women who hadn’t (11 per cent).

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Sexual harassment, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, an estimated 7 million people aged 18 years and over (36 per cent) experienced physical violence since the age of 15.

• 42 per cent of men (4.0 million) have experienced physical violence.
• 39 per cent of men (3.7 million) have experienced physical violence by a male and 12 per cent (1.1 million) have experienced physical violence by a female.
• 31 per cent of women (3.1 million) have experienced physical violence.
• 28 per cent of women (2.8 million) have experienced physical violence by a male and 9 per cent (890,000) have experienced physical violence by a female.

In the two years to 2021-22, 4.8 per cent of women aged 18 years and over experienced physical violence.

• 11.2 per cent of women aged 18 to 24 years had recent experience, compared to 7.2 per cent of women aged 25-34 years, 5.4 per cent of women aged 35-44 years, 3.6 per cent of women aged 45-54 years, 3.0 per cent of women aged 55-64 years and 1.1 per cent of women aged 65 years and over.
• 5.8 per cent of women with disability, compared to 4.2 per cent of women without disability.
• 11 per cent of women who identified as LGB or used a different term such as asexual, pansexual or queer, compared to 4.4 per cent of women who identified as heterosexual.
• 15.4 per cent of single mothers with children under the age of 15 years, 9.4 per cent of women living in group households, 7.4 per cent of single mothers with older or non-dependent children, 5.1 per cent of women in a couple with older or no dependent children, 4.5 per cent of women living alone, 3.0 per cent of women living in a couple with children under 15 years, and 2.9 per cent of women living in a couple with no children.
• 15 per cent of women who were unemployed, compared to 5.3 per cent of women who were employed and 3.1 per cent of women not in the labour force.
• 8.3 per cent of women currently renting, compared to 4.6 per cent of women who were a homeowner with a mortgage and 2.3 per cent of women without a mortgage.
• 4.7 per cent of women living in a capital city and 4.9 per cent of women living outside a capital city.
• 14 per cent of women who experienced recent cash flow problems compared to 3.4 per cent of women who did not.

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Physical violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, an estimated 2.7 million people aged 18 years and over (14 per cent) have experienced stalking since the age of 15, including:

• 20 per cent of women (2.0 million)
• 6.8 per cent of men (653,400).

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Data source

Personal Safety, Australia, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

Surveyed in 2021, 51.1 per cent of women and 50.8 per cent of men have experienced at least one type of technology-facilitated abuse in their lifetime.

Of all Australians 18 years and over, those who were most likely to have lifetime experience of technology-facilitated abuse were:

• 72.7 per cent of those identifying as LGB+
• 71.5 per cent of those aged 18 to 24 years, 70.4 per cent of those aged 25 to 34 years, and 61.1 per cent of those aged 35 to 44 years
• 69.9 per cent of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples
• 57.0 per cent of Australians with a disability.

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Data source

Technology-facilitated abuse: Extent, nature and responses in the Australian community | Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS), 2022

Completed project with no future updates expected.

Data

In 2021-22, one in six women (16.9 per cent) and one in 18 men (5.5 per cent) had experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a current or previous cohabiting partner since the age of 15.

In the two years to 2021-22, rates of partner violence were:

• 2.6 per cent of women aged 18-34 years, 2.2 per cent of women aged 35-54 years, and 0.6 per cent of women aged 55 years and over
• 2.2 per cent for women with disability compared to 1.5 per cent for women without
• highest for single mothers with children under the age of 15 years (9.3 per cent), compared to other family and household types
• 3.5 per cent for women who were renting compared to 1.1 per cent for women who owned their home
• 1.9 per cent for women living in major cities (1.9 per cent) compared to 1.4 per cent outside major cities
• 1.8 per cent for women with non-school qualifications compared to 1.4 per cent without non-school qualifications
• 6.2 per cent for women who experienced recent cash flow problems compared to 1.2 per cent for women who hadn’t.

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey via Family, domestic and sexual violence | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, one in four women (22.9 per cent) and one in seven men (13.8 per cent) had emotional abuse by a current or previous cohabiting partner since the age of 15.

In the two years to 2021-22, rates of emotional abuse by a partner were:

• 4.7 per cent of women aged 18-34 years, 7.7 per cent of women aged 35-54 years, and 3.8 per cent of women aged 55 years and over
• 7.0 per cent of women with disability compared to 4.6 per cent of women without disability
• highest for single mothers with children under the age of 15 years (18 per cent), compared to other family and household types
• 7.3 per cent for women who were renting compared to 4.8 per cent for women who owned their home
• 5.1 per cent for women living in major cities compared to 5.8 per cent outside major cities
• 6.1 per cent for women with non-school qualifications compared to 3.4 per cent for women without
• 13 per cent for women who experienced recent cash flow problems compared to 4.3 per cent for those who hadn’t.

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Data source

• Partner violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics
• Family, domestic and sexual violence | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, one in six women (16.3 per cent) and one in 13 men (7.8 per cent) had economic abuse by a current or previous cohabiting partner since the age of 15.

In the two years to 2021-22, rates of economic abuse by a partner were:

• 3.1 per cent of women aged 18-34 years, 4.5 per cent of women aged 35-54 years, and 1.8 per cent of women aged 55 years and over
• 4.6 per cent of women with disability compared to 2.4 per cent of women without disability
• highest for single mothers with children under the age of 15 years (17 per cent), compared to other family and household types
• 5.5 per cent for women who were renting compared to 2.3 per cent of women who owned their home
• 2.9 per cent for women living in major cities and 3.3 per cent outside major cities
• 3.5 per cent for women with non-school qualifications compared to 2.0 per cent of women without
• 9.3 per cent for women who experienced recent cash flow problems compared to 2.2 of women who hadn’t.

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Data source

• Partner violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics
• Family, domestic and sexual violence | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released every five years

Data

• 10 per cent of physical assaults by males against females occurred in the female’s workplace. 
• 17 per cent of physical assaults by females against females occurred in the respondent’s workplace. 
• 73.7 per cent of physical assaults by a male against a male occurred in a non-residential location (includes at work, a place of study, a place of entertainment or recreation, outside, at a motel or serviced apartments, while using or waiting for public transport, in a motor vehicle (car, truck, ute, etc.), or another location). 

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Physical violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, 26 per cent of women who experienced sexual harassment in the last 12 months experienced it at work.

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Sexual harassment, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2022, 56 per cent of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples have experienced workplace sexual harassment in the last 5 years:

• 59 per cent for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women
• 53 per cent for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander men.

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Data source

Time for respect: fifth national survey on sexual harassment in Australian workplaces | Australian Human Rights Commission

Irregular release

Data

In 2022: 

• 15-17 years: 60 per cent of women, 25 per cent of men
• 18-29 years: 56 per cent of women, 35 per cent of men
• 30-39 years: 45 per cent of women, 32 per cent of men
• 40-49 years: 34 per cent of women, 22 per cent of men
• 50-64 years: 27 per cent of women, 19 per cent of men
• 65+ years: 36 per cent of women, 12 per cent of men.

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Data source

Time for respect: fifth national survey on sexual harassment in Australian workplaces | Australian Human Rights Commission

Irregular release

Data

In 2022-23, 81 per cent of private sector employers with 100 or more employees had a policy or strategy to support employees experiencing family or domestic violence. 

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Data source

WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA

Annual release

Data

In 2021-22, an estimated 2.7 million people (14 per cent) have experienced abuse before the age of 15, including:

• 2.0 per cent (379,800) who experienced abuse by someone within an institutional setting (Includes foster carer, health professional, disability support worker, person associated with care placement, school/childcare, a place of worship, correctional facility, recreational leadership, and other staff members in an institution)

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Childhood abuse, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, 70 per cent of women who experienced sexual harassment in the last 12 months experienced face-to-face harassment. 

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Sexual harassment, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22:

• 6.1 per cent of physical assaults by males against females occurred in a place of entertainment or recreation, 5.8 per cent occurred outside
• 11.8 per cent of physical assaults by females against females occurred in a place of entertainment or recreation, 7.9 per cent occurred outside
• 73.7 per cent of physical assaults by a male against a male occurred in a non-residential location (includes at work, a place of study, a place of entertainment or recreation, outside, at a motel or serviced apartments, while using or waiting for public transport, in a motor vehicle (car, truck, ute, etc.), or another location).

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Physical violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2021-22, 57 per cent of women who experienced sexual harassment in the last 12 months experienced it electronically. 

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Sexual harassment, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2020-21, women did more than 9 hours a week more than men.

• 1 hour 19 minutes per day – approximately 9 hours and 13 minutes per week.

Within demographic groups, the difference in unpaid work and care per week between women and men was highest for:

• People aged 25 to 44 years (14 hours) and lowest for people aged 15 to 24 years (3 hours).
• People living in inner regional Australia (12 hours) and lowest for people living in outer regional and remote Australia (5 hours).
• People born overseas (10 hours) compared to people born in Australia (9 hours).
• People not in the labour force (11 hours) and lowest for people employed full-time (3 hours).
• People with whose highest level of educational attainment is the certificate level (including Certificate I/II and Certificate III/IV) (13 hours) and lowest for people with graduate diploma/graduate certificate (1 hour).
• People in the lowest quintile of household income (15 hours) and lowest for people in the highest quintile of household income (4 hours).
• People in the lowest quintile of personal income (14 hours) and lowest for people in the highest quintile of personal income (3 hours).
• People in the second lowest quintile of relative socio-economic disadvantage (11 hours) and lowest for people in the second highest quintile of relative socio-economic disadvantage (8 hours).
• Parents in couple families with child under the age of 15 years (18 hours) and lowest for dependent children aged 15-24 years (1 hour).
• People with poor self-assessed health status (11 hours) and lowest for people with excellent self-assessed health status (7 hours).

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Data source

How Australians Use Their Time, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

In 2020-21, female parents did around 8 hours and 45 minutes more unpaid child care per week more than male parents.

• 1 hour and 15 minutes more per day.

Within demographic groups, of people who provided child care, the difference in care per week between women and men was highest for:

• People aged 25 to 34 years (13 hours) and lowest for people aged 65 years and over (0 hours).
• People living in inner regional Australia (13 hours) and lowest for people in major cities (7 hours).
• People born in Australia (8 hours) compared to people born overseas (7 hours).
• People who are unemployed (18 hours) compared to people who are employed full-time (3 hours).
• People whose highest level of educational attainment is the certificate level (10 hours) and lowest for people with diploma/advanced diploma (30 minutes).
• People in the lowest quintile of household income (17 hours) and lowest for people in the highest quintile (3 hours).
• People in the lowest quintile of personal income (13 hours) and lowest for people in the highest quintile (3 hours).
• People in the lowest quintile of relative socio-economic disadvantage (9 hours) and lowest for people in the third quintile (6 hours).
• People with good self-assessed health status (12 hours) and lowest for people with very good self-assessed health status (4 hours).

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Data source

How Australians Use Their Time, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

Children using child care in 2022 

Of children aged 0-5 years, 48.2 per cent attended an Australian Government CCS provider. Of these:

• 4.6 per cent are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (6.5 per cent of all children aged 0-5 years are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander).
• 21.7 per cent are from non-English speaking backgrounds (compared to 24.1 per cent of children aged 0-5 years)
• 23.3 per cent are from regional areas (compared to 24.9 per cent of children aged 0-5 years)
• 1.0 per cent are from remote and very remote areas (compared to 2.3 per cent of children aged 0-5 years)
• 23.1 per cent from low-income families (compared to 25.7 per cent of children aged 0-5 years)
• 4.5 per cent have a disability (compared to 5.4 per cent of children aged 0-5 years)

Of children aged 6-12 years, 19.8 per cent attended an Australian Government CCS provider. Of these:

• 3.2 per cent are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (5.7 per cent of all children aged 6-12 years are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander).
• 14.3 per cent are from non-English speaking backgrounds (compared to 21.1 per cent of children aged 6-12 years)
• 20.0 per cent are from regional areas (compared to 26.5 per cent of children aged 6-12 years)
• 0.6 per cent are from remote and very remote areas (compared to 2.2 per cent of children aged 6-12 years)
• 23.5 per cent from low-income families (compared to 26.6 per cent of children aged 6-12 years)
• 4.7 per cent have a disability (compared to 9.6 per cent of children aged 6-12 years)

Preschool program participation in 2022

In the year before full-time schooling (ages are state-specific) 89.1 per cent of eligible children are enrolled in preschool. Of these:

• 6.7 per cent are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (6.1 per cent of children aged 4-5 years are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander)
• 16.2 per cent are from non-English speaking backgrounds (compared to 23.9 per cent of children aged 4-5 years)
• 26.6 per cent are from regional areas (compared to 25.2 per cent of children aged 4-5 years)
• 2.1 per cent are from remote and very remote areas (compared to 2.3 per cent of children aged 4-5 years)
• 17 per cent from low-income families (compared to 17.5 per cent of children aged 4-5 years)
• 6.3 per cent have a disability (compared to 7.6 per cent of children aged 4-5 years).

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Data source

3 Early childhood education and care - Report on Government Services 2023 | Productivity Commission

Annual release

Data

In 2022, 28.1 per cent of people are not in the labour force mainly for childcare service related reasons.

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Data source

3 Early childhood education and care - Report on Government Services 2023 | Productivity Commission

Annual release

Data

In 2020-21, 70.8 per cent of households using or thinking about using child care experienced substantial difficulties, relating to quality, availability or cost.

• 63.3 per cent of households reported substantial difficulties with availability, and was highest for:
  • single-parent families (68.6 per cent) compared to 65.9 per cent of couple-parent families
  • lowest tercile income families (66.9 per cent), compared to 66.5 per cent of highest tercile income families and 65.7 per cent of middle tercile income families
  • families in urban South Australia outside Adelaide and lowest for families in Adelaide (57.6 per cent)
• 51.8 per cent of households reported substantial difficulties with cost, and was highest for:
  • couple-parent families (55.7 per cent) compared to 51.7 per cent of single-parent families
  • middle tercile income families (56.9 per cent) compared to 55.9 per cent of highest tercile income families and 51.8 per cent of lowest tercile income families
  • families in Sydney and lowest for families in urban Western Australia outside Perth.

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Data source

HILDA_Statistical_Report_2023.pdf

Annual release

Data

In February 2024:

• 43.3 per cent of employed women work part-time
• 20.0 per cent of employed men work part-time

Within demographic groups, in 2023, rates of part-time work were highest for:

• Women aged 65 years and over (67.6 per cent working part-time) and lowest for women aged 25-34 years (32 per cent).
  • Men aged 15-24 years (46.7 per cent) and lowest for men aged 35-44 years (9.1 per cent).
• Not married women (44.2 per cent) compared to married women (including women in de facto relationships) (41.7 per cent) and married men (12.9 per cent).
• Women born in Australia (44.6 per cent), compared to women born in mainly English-speaking countries (39.6 per cent) and women born in countries other than mainly English-speaking countries (38.6 per cent).
• Women whose highest level of educational attainment is year 12 or below (54.2 per cent) and lowest for women with a diploma or above (35.1 per cent).
• By their status in their household, women who are dependent students (93.3 per cent) and lowest for women living alone (29.6 per cent).
  • Men who are dependent students (87.4 per cent) and lowest for men in a couple family with children under 15 years (8.1 per cent).

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Monthly release

Data

In August 2023:

• 33.8 per cent of female employees and 19.9 per cent of male employees had an agreement to work flexible hours
• 34.2 per cent of female employees and 28.9 per cent of male employees usually worked from home in their main job

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Data source

Working arrangements, August 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

In 2022-23, 84 per cent of private sector employers with 100 or more employees have a flexible work policy or strategy

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Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: Australia's Gender Equality Scorecard | WGEA

Annual release

Data

In 2022-23, 7 per cent of private sector employers with 100 or more employees have targets set for men’s engagement in flexible work

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Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: Australia's Gender Equality Scorecard | WGEA

Annual release

Data

• In 2022-23, 170,000 women (99.4 per cent of total recipients) and 1,000 men (0.6 per cent of total recipients) received Parental Leave Pay.*
• In 2022-23, 88,000 men (99.2 per cent of total recipients) and 700 women (0.8 per cent of total recipients) received Dad and Partner Pay.
• In total, 171,000 women (65.8 per cent of total recipients) and 89,000 men (34.2 per cent of total recipients) accessed Paid Parental Leave.

*Note this data is from 2022-23. From 1 July 2023, the PPL scheme combined into a single 20 week gender-neutral entitlement, with two weeks reserved leave for each parent, and allowing parents to take two weeks leave at the same time (concurrent leave). The PPL entitlement is increasing by two weeks each year from 1 July 2024, providing a total of 26 weeks from 1 July 2026.

1 July 2026, each parent will ultimately receive four weeks of reserved leave, with the remaining leave able to be shared however parents choose. Parents will also be able to take up to four weeks concurrently. 

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Data source

Department of Social Services (unpublished)

Annual

Data

In 2022-23, 63 per cent of private sector employers with 100 or more employees offer some form of paid employer-funded parental leave:

• 21 per cent offer universally available leave
• 42 per cent offer primary carer leave.

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Data source

WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA

Annual release

Data

In 2022-23, for private sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• The average length of employer-funded parental leave is 12 weeks for both universally available and primary carer’s leave.
• The average length for secondary carer’s leave is 3 weeks.

In 2022, for Commonwealth public sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• The average length of primary carer’s leave is 15.4 weeks
• The average length of secondary carer’s leave is 4.9 weeks

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Data source

• WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA
• Commonwealth Public Sector Gender Equality Snapshot 2022 | WGEA

Annual release

Data

In 2022-23, 21 per cent of private sector employers with 100 or more employees offer universally available leave.

In 2022, 15 per cent of Commonwealth public sector employers with 100 or more employees offered parental leave without a distinction between the primary and secondary carer.

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Data source

• WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA
• Commonwealth Public Sector Gender Equality Snapshot 2022 | WGEA

Annual release

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• 86 per cent of universally available or primary carer paid parental leave was taken by women
• 14 per cent of universally available or primary carer paid parental leave was taken by men. 
• Men accounted for 95 per cent of all secondary carer’s leave taken.
• Women accounted for 5 per cent of cent of all secondary carer’s leave taken.

In 2022, for Commonwealth public sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• 86.5 per cent of primary carer’s leave was taken by women
• 13.5 per cent of primary carer’s leave was taken by men

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Data source

• WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA
• Commonwealth Public Sector Gender Equality Snapshot 2022 | WGEA

Annual release

Data

In 2021, the average weighted mean of weekly total cash earnings is:

• $1,208.30 for females
• $1,312.70 for males
• A gap of $104.40 or 8.0 per cent

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Data source

Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (in TableBuilder)

Released every two years

Data

In February 2024, there were 206,000 males (19.6 per cent) in the care and support workforce.

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In 2022, 25.3 per cent of enrolments in Health fields of study and 24.6 per cent of enrolments in Education fields of study were males

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Data source

Selected Higher Education Statistics – 2022 Student data | Department of Education, Australian Government

Annual release

Data

In 2022, 22.6 per cent of Health study enrolments were males. Of people enrolled in VET health study:

• 5.8 per cent of male students and 6.2 per cent of female students have a disability
• 3.5 per cent of male students and 4.4 per cent of female students identify as Indigenous
• 66.7 per cent of male students and 62.9 per cent of female students live in major cities; 1.6 per cent of male students and 1.8 per cent of female students live in remote or very remote areas
• 14.8 per cent of male students and 16.0 per cent of female students are from the most disadvantaged quintile of relative socioeconomic advantage; 18.2 per cent of male students and 16.4 per cent of female students are from the most advantaged quintile
• 14.4 per cent of male students and 13.6 per cent of female students speak a language other than English at home

In 2022, 21.1 per cent of Education study enrolments were males. Of people enrolled in VET education study:

• 5.9 per cent of male students and 6.2 per cent of female students have a disability
• 5.1 per cent of male students and 4.8 per cent of female students identify as Indigenous
• 55.4 per cent of male students and 64.0 per cent of female students live in major cities; 4.4 per cent of male students and 2.4 per cent of female students live in remote or very remote areas
• 13.4 per cent of male students and 18.4 per cent of female students are from the most disadvantaged quintile of relative socioeconomic advantage; 14.2 per cent of male students and 13.1 per cent of female students are from the most advantaged quintile
• 17.6 per cent of male students and 23.1 per cent of female students speak a language other than English at home

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Data source

National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER), DataBuilder

Annual release

Data

12 per cent in November 2023. 

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Data source

Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, November 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Semi-annual release

Data

21.7 per cent in 2022-23.

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Data source

• WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23
• WGEA Employer Gender Pay Gaps Snapshot 2022-23

Annual release

Data

In May 2023, people in the top quartile of earnings earnt $1,956 a week.

• Women made up 36.3 per cent of the top quartile of earners (1.2 million women and 2.1 million men).

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Data source

Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of women in male-dominated industries was:

• 13.4 per cent in construction
  • 39.8 per cent of women and 11.0 per cent of men were part-time
  • 55.3 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 56.0 per cent of men worked as technicians and trades workers
• 20.9 per cent in mining
  • 14.5 per cent of women and 3.2 per cent of men were part-time
  • 48.9 per cent of women worked as professionals or clerical and administrative workers
  • 67.2 per cent of men worked as machinery operators and drivers or technicians and trades workers
• 23.3 per cent in transport, postal and warehousing
  • 32.5 per cent of women and 18 per cent of men were part-time
  • 37.1 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 56.9 per cent of men worked as machinery operators and drivers
• 27.2 per cent in electricity, gas, water and waste services
  • 17.0 per cent of women and 8.4 per cent of men were part-time
  • 64.4 per cent of women worked as professionals or clerical and administrative workers
  • 46.0 per cent of men worked as technicians and trades workers or professionals
• 29.4 per cent in manufacturing
  • 31.1 per cent of women and 9.3 per cent of men were part-time
  • 24.8 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 32.5 per cent of men worked as technicians and trades workers
• 33.1 per cent in agriculture, forestry and fishing
  • 44.9 per cent of women and 19.8 per cent of men were part-time
  • 46.3 per cent of women and 56.3 per cent of men worked as managers
• 33.2 per cent in wholesale trade
  • 28.2 per cent of women and 12.1 per cent of men were part-time
  • 36.5 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 44.4 per cent of men worked as managers or machinery operators and drivers
• 39.4 per cent in information media and telecommunications
  • 26.1 per cent of women and 14.6 per cent of men were part-time
  • 47.1 per cent of women and 41.7 per cent of men worked as professionals

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of men in female-dominated industries was:

• 23.1 per cent in health care and social assistance
  • 48.2 per cent of women and 27.5 per cent of men were part-time
  • 74.9 per cent of women and 74.1 per cent of men worked as professionals and community and personal service workers
• 28.0 per cent in education and training
  • 43.8 per cent of women and 29.1 per cent of men were part-time
  • 58.7 per cent of women and 64.5 per cent of men worked as professionals

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In 2021, 35 per cent of the clean energy workforce was female.

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Data source

The Clean Energy Generation | Jobs and Skills Australia

Released annually

Data

In 2019, the percentage of female employment across key clean energy occupations was:

• Solar installers: 6 per cent
• Energy efficiency engineers: 8 per cent
• Wind turbine technicians: 4 per cent

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Data source

31 Oct 2023 - Sustainability Engineering and Trades | National Skills Commission - Trove

Irregular release

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of women in ICT occupations was 21.7 per cent.

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of women across occupations was (from most to least segregated):

• 12.7 per cent of machinery operators and drivers
  • 31.1 per cent of women and 16.3 per cent of men were part-time
• 16.5 per cent of technicians and trades workers
  • 39.7 per cent of women and 10.8 per cent of men were part-time
• 72.8 per cent of clerical and administrative workers
  • 39.1 per cent of women and 15.8 per cent of men were part-time
• 69.6 per cent of community and personal services workers
  • 60.1 per cent of women and 41.3 per cent of men were part-time
• 35.0 per cent of labourers
  • 63.2 per cent of women and 38.4 per cent of men were part-time
• 40.0 per cent of managers
  • 20.1 per cent of women and 9.7 per cent of men were part-time
• 59.0 per cent of sales workers
  • 66 per cent of women and 45.1 per cent of men were part-time
• 55.3 per cent of professionals
  • 33.7 per cent of women and 13.7 per cent of men were part-time 

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In 2022, the proportion of women in STEM-qualified occupations was 15 per cent. 

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Data source

STEM Equity Monitor | Department of Industry, Science and Resources

Released annually

Data

In 2022, the incidence of workplace sexual harassment for female-dominated industries was:

• 29 per cent for women and 28 per cent for men in education and training
• 18 per cent for women and 25 per cent for men in health care and social assistance

In 2022, the incidence of workplace sexual harassment for male-dominated industries was:

• 71 per cent for women and 30 per cent for men in electricity, gas, water and waste services
• 62 per cent for women and 25 per cent for men in mining
• 47 per cent for women and 17 per cent for men in wholesale trade
• 29 per cent for women and 8 per cent for men in construction
• 26 per cent for women and 15 per cent for men in transport, postal and warehousing 
• 18 per cent for women and 16 per cent for men in manufacturing

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Data source

Time for respect: fifth national survey on sexual harassment in Australian workplaces | Australian Human Rights Commission

Irregular release

Data

In 2021-22, the work-related injury rate was 3.1 per cent for women and 3.9 per cent for men. The most common industries where injury was experienced were:

• For women, health care and social assistance (27.1 per cent of all injuries experienced by women), education and training (13.8 per cent) and accommodation and food services (12 per cent).
• For men, construction (17 per cent of all injuries experienced by men), public administration and safety (11.6 per cent) and transport, postal and warehousing (11.2 per cent).

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Data source

Work-related injuries, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Irregular release

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• 98.5 per cent have a policy or strategy in place on sexual harassment
• Of those with a sexual harassment policy or strategy in place:
  • 97.4 per cent have a formal grievance process
  • 88.7 per cent have training for managers

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Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: The state of gender equality in Australia | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• 79 per cent for gender equality overall
• 88 per cent for recruitment
• 86 per cent for performance management
• 85 per cent for training and development
• 73 per cent for talent identification of high potentials 
• 73 per cent for promotions
• 72 per cent for succession planning
• 70 per cent for retention
• 38 per cent for key performance indicators relating to gender equality

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Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: The state of gender equality in Australia | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In February 2024, women’s participation rate was 62.9 per cent, compared to 70.7 per cent for men. 

In 2023, the participation rate was lowest for:

• Women aged 65 years and over (11.6 per cent) followed by women aged 55 to 64 years (63.5 per cent). It was highest for women aged 24-34 years (82.6 per cent).
• Women who aren’t married (57.8 per cent) compared to married women (66.3 per cent).
• Women born in countries other than the main English-speaking countries (60.5 per cent) compared to women born in the main English-speaking countries (60.8 per cent) and women born in Australia (63.7 per cent).
• Women whose highest level of educational attainment is year 12 or below (47.4 per cent). It was highest for women with a diploma or above (76.8 per cent).
• Single mothers with non-dependent children (42.2 per cent). It was highest for women in couple families with dependent students over the age of 15 years (85 per cent).

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released monthly

Data

In 2020-21, median superannuation gaps (men minus women):

• Under 18: $120 (39.1 per cent)
• 18-24 years: $299 (7.1 per cent)
• 25-29 years: -$285 (-1.7 per cent - women have higher balances than men)
• 30-34 years: $6,133 (14.7 per cent)
• 35-39 years: $16,661 (22.5 per cent)
• 40-44 years: $29,127 (27.3 per cent)
• 45-49 years: $43,275 (30.9 per cent)
• 50-54 years: $54,059 (32.4 per cent)
• 55-59 years: $60,549 (31.7 per cent)
• 60-64 years: $53,190 (25.1 per cent)
• 65-69 years: $12,753 (6.0 per cent)
• 70-74 years: $4,102 (1.9 per cent)
• 75 years or more: $5,206 (3.0 per cent)
• Total (all ages): $14,914 (21.7 per cent)

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Data source

Individuals statistics | Australian Taxation Office

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, 18.7 per cent of retired women’s main source of personal income at retirement was superannuation (compared to 34.7 per cent of retired men).

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Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, 18.6 per cent of retired women had no sources of personal income at retirement (compared to 3.1 per cent of men).

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Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, 34 per cent of retired women relied on their partner’s income to meet their living costs at retirement (compared to 7 per cent of retired men). 

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Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

In 2022, median superannuation income was $18,500 for women and $25,000 for men. 

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Data source

Department of Social Services; Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, 2023, "The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, GENERAL RELEASE 22 (Waves 1-22)", https://doi.org/10.26193/R4IN30, ADA Dataverse, V7

Released annually

This indicator uses unit record data from the HILDA Survey. The HILDA Project was initiated and is funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services (DSS) and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (Melbourne Institute). The findings are those of the Government and should not be attributed to either DSS or the Melbourne Institute.

Data

In 2020-21, median annual personal income from investment was $105 for women and $103 for men (a gender gap of –1.9 per cent).

• At the 75th percentile, this widens to $2,168 for women and $2,389 for men (a gap of 9.3 per cent).
• For people aged 65 years and over, median investment income was $2,995 for women and $2,237 for men (a gap of –33.9 per cent), widening to $14,115 for women and $12,802 for men at the 75th percentile (–10.3 per cent).

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Data source

Personal Income in Australia, 2020-21 | Australian Bureau of Statistics, customised data request

Released annually

Data

In February 2024, 54.6 per cent of age pension recipients aged 65 to 85 years were women, and 63.3 per cent of age pension recipients aged 85 years and older were women

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Data source

DSS Income Support Recipients – Monthly Time Series | data.gov.au

Released monthly

Data

Of those who retired in 2020, the average age at retirement from the labour force was 63.7 for women and 65.4 for men. 

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Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees, that offer employer-funded paid parental leave (63%) - 86 per cent pay superannuation on that leave. 14 per cent of employers pay superannuation on government-funded parental leave and 13 per cent are paying superannuation on unpaid leave. 

• 65 per cent pay super only on employer-funded leave
• 7 per cent pay super on employer-funded and government-funded leave
• 7 per cent pay super on employer-funded, government-funded and unpaid leave
• 5 per cent pay super on employer-funded and unpaid leave
• 1 per cent pay super only on government-funded leave. 
• (note these figures may not add up to the above due to rounding)

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Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: The state of gender equality in Australia | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, there were 273,648 specialist homelessness services clients, of which 59.4 per cent were women. 

• 21.1 per cent of female clients were aged 25-34 years
• The main source of income for female clients were the Parenting payment (25.6 per cent), JobSeeker payment (23.9 per cent) and Disability support pension (12.1 per cent)
• For women the most common main reason for seeking assistance was family and domestic violence (16.3 per cent), for men it was housing crisis (11.2 per cent)
• 65.1 per cent of all young people presenting alone to services were women
• 59 per cent of female clients were in major cities, 34.3 per cent were in regional areas and 6.7 per cent were in remote and very remote areas
• 28.6 per cent of female clients were Indigenous
• 52.8 per cent of older clients seeking assistance were female
• 2.3 per cent of female clients had a disability
• 32.8 per cent of female clients had a mental health issue
• 87.2 per cent of all clients were born in Australia
• 14.7 per cent of all clients spoke a language other than English at home; 20.6 per cent of these spoke Aboriginal English

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Data source

Specialist homelessness services annual report 2022–23, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, there were 70,314 unassisted specialist homelessness services requests, of which 65.9 per cent were women. 

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Data source

Specialist homelessness services annual report 2022–23, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2022, there were 418,434 social housing households, 4.1 per cent of all households. 

• In 62.3 per cent of these households, the main tenant was female.

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Data source

Housing assistance in Australia, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2021:

• 25.2 per cent of women and 23.7 per cent of men lived in housing owned outright
• 38.5 per cent of women and 38.9 per cent of men lived in housing owned with a mortgage
• 27.6 per cent of women and 27.7 per cent of men lived in rented housing
• 1.6 per cent of women and 1.5 per cent of men lived in housing under another tenure arrangement.

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Data source

Housing: Census, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2022, median housing costs were 14.9 per cent of household disposable income; 29.0 per cent of households had no housing costs. 

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Data source

AIHW Housing Data Dashboard | Housing data

Released annually

Data

In 2023, the average national residential dwelling price was $919,000.

• This is 10.3 times women’s annual full-time salary and 9.0 times men’s annual full-time salary.

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Data source

Total Value of Dwellings, March Quarter 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics 

Released monthly

Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, November 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au)

Released every six months

Data

In 2021, 71.3 per cent of women social housing tenants are satisfied or very satisfied with services provided (compared to 75.7 per cent of men). 

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Data source

National Social Housing Survey 2021, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released every two to three years

Data

On Census night 2021, 122,494 people were estimated to be homeless; 55.9 per cent of these were male and 44.1 per cent of these were female.

• 51 per cent of Indigenous Australians experiencing homelessness are female.
• 23.4 per cent of women experiencing homelessness are Indigenous.
• Young females had a homelessness rate of 70 people per 10,000 and young males had a rate of 71 per 10,000.
• Young females were more likely than males to be in supported housing (26.6 per cent) or staying temporarily with other households (9.9 per cent).
• Older females had a rate of 19 people per 10,000 and older males had a rate of 34 per 10,000.
• Older females were more like to be living in severely crowded dwellings (30.5 per cent), staying temporarily with other households (26.7 per cent) or in supported accommodation (16.9 per cent).

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Data source

Estimating Homelessness: Census, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (via TableBuilder)

Released every five years

Data

In 2020-21, 41.6 per cent of owner-managers of unincorporated enterprises were female.

• 22.8 per cent of female owners were aged between 35 and 44 years and 21.8 per cent were aged between 45 to 54 years.

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Data source

Jobs in Australia, 2020-21 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

–

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Data source

National Men's Health Strategy 2020–2030 | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

Data

In 2020–22 the gap in life expectancy for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander males and females was 8.8 years and 8.1 years, respectively.

• Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander males born in 2020-2022 are expected to live to 71.9 years compare to non-Indigenous males 80.6 years
• Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander females born in 2020-2022 are expected to live to 75.6 years compare to non-Indigenous females 83.8 years

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Data source

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people enjoy long and healthy lives - Dashboard | Closing the Gap Information Repository - Productivity Commission

Released every five years

Data

Nationally in 2021, 89.6 per cent of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander babies born were of a healthy birthweight:

• 89.0 per cent of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander girls born were of a healthy birthweight
• 90.1 per cent of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander boys born were of a healthy birthweight
• The proportion of babies born of a healthy birthweight was 90.9 per cent in major cities, 90.1 per cent in inner regional areas and 89.5 per cent in outer regional areas.
• The proportions were lower in remote areas (86.1 per cent) and in very remote areas (85.6 per cent).

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Data source

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are born healthy and strong - Dashboard | Closing the Gap Information Repository - Productivity Commission

Released annually

Data

In 2022, the suicide age-standardised rate for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples was 29.9 per 100,000 people (for New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory combined)

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Data source

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people enjoy high levels of social and emotional wellbeing - Dashboard | Closing the Gap Information Repository - Productivity Commission

Released annually

Data

• In 2022-23, 8.4 per cent of women and 5.5 per cent of men delayed seeing a GP due to cost.
  • This was highest for women aged 25-34 years (11.3 per cent) and men aged 25-34 years (8.6 per cent) and lowest for women aged 75-84 years (3.0 per cent) and men aged 85 years and over (2.1 per cent)
• 9.4 per cent of women and 5.5 per cent of men delayed getting a prescription.
  • This was highest for women aged 15-24 years (14.7 per cent) and men aged 25-34 years (8.6 per cent) and lowest for women aged 75-84 years (3.7 per cent) and men aged 65-74 years (3.4 per cent)
• 12.2 per cent of women and 8.4 per cent of men delayed seeing a medical specialist.
  • This was highest for women aged 25-34 years (20.3 per cent) and men aged 25-34 years (16.6 per cent) and lowest for women aged 75-84 years (4.2 per cent) and men aged 85 years and over (1.6 per cent).
• 18.8 per cent of women and 16.2 per cent of men delayed seeing a dental professional
  • This was highest for women aged 25-34 years (26.8 per cent) and men aged 25-34 years (25.5 per cent) and lowest for women aged 75-84 years (10.4 per cent) and men aged (6.1 per cent)
• 3.1 per cent of women and 2.9 per cent of men did not go to a hospital when needed due to cost.
• 21.4 per cent of women and 15.4 per cent of men did not see a mental health professional due to cost
  • This was highest for women aged 25-34 years (30.0 per cent) and men aged 25-34 years (21.9 per cent) and lowest for women aged 75 years and over (3.7 per cent) and men aged 65-74 years (5.3 per cent).

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Data source

Patient Experiences, 2022-23 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

–

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Data source

National Women's Health Strategy 2020–2030 | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

Data

• The oral contraceptive pill (34 per cent) and condoms (31 per cent) were the most common forms of contraception for women born in 1989-95.
• No contraceptive (27 per cent) and long-acting reversible contraceptives (24 per cent) were the most common for women born in 1973-78.

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Data source

2021 Major Report Reproductive health Contraception, conception, and change of life – Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health – ALSWH

Irregular release

Data

As at 1 March, there are 12 different contraceptives listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme:

• 8 pill variants, most recently updated in 2013
• 2 hormonal intrauterine devices, updated in 2020
• 1 progesterone injection
• 1 progesterone implant, added in 2001

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Data source

Schedule of Pharmaceutical Benefits | PBS Publications Archive

Monthly release

Data

In 2024:

• ACT: legal, free and accessible (no gestational limit)
• NSW: legal, accessible up to 22 weeks
• NT: legal, accessible up to 24 weeks 
• Qld: legal, accessible up to 22 weeks
• SA: legal, accessible up to 22 weeks and 6 days
• Tas: legal, accessible up to 16 weeks
• Vic: legal, accessible up to 24 weeks
• WA: legal, accessible up to 23 weeks

---

Data source

Australian Abortion Access Scorecard | MSI Australia

Ongoing

Data

1 in 3 women born 1973-78 experienced fertility issues and 76 per cent of these sought help.

Of those who sought help for fertility issues, 57 per cent reported using IVF and/or fertility hormones when aged 28-45 years. The remaining 43 per cent who sought help did not report using either of these treatments.

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Data source

Australia’s Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health | Women’s Health Australia

Irregular release

Data

Average out of pocket cost for ART from 1996-2020 was $7,536.

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Data source

Australia’s Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health | Women’s Health Australia 

Irregular release

Data

In 2021, 80 per cent of women who gave birth in Australia had their first antenatal visit at less than 14 weeks. This compares to 72.0 per cent for First Nations women. 

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Data source

Australia's mothers and babies, Antenatal care | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2021, 94.8 per cent of women who gave birth in Australia had 5 or more antenatal care visits. This compares to 88 per cent for First Nations women. 

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Data source

Australia's mothers and babies, Antenatal care | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2020, overall life satisfaction was 7.1 out of 10 for men and 7.2 out of 10 for women.

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Data source

General Social Survey: Summary Results, Australia, 2020 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every three to four years

Data

In 2020-22, 21.6 per cent of women saw a health professional for their mental health, compared with 12.9 per cent of men.

• This was highest for women aged 16-34 years (29.9 per cent) and men aged 16-34 years (16.0 per cent) and lowest for women aged 65-85 years (9.6 per cent) and men aged 65-85 years (6.8 per cent).

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Data source

National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Irregular release

Data

In 2020-22, 2.2 per cent of women had recent experience of self-harm, compared to 1.2 per cent of men.

• This was highest for women aged 16-24 years (8.7 per cent) and for men aged 16-24 years (3.3 per cent).

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Data source

National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Irregular release

Data

In 2020-22, 3.5 per cent of women had recent experience of suicidal thoughts and behaviours compared to 3.1 per cent of men.

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Data source

National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Irregular release

Data

In the last 10 years, 67 per cent of women who experienced sexual assault by a male experienced anxiety or fear for their personal safety in the 12 months after the most recent incident

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Data source

Personal Safety Survey, via Sexual violence, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2018, the burden of disease in women causally linked to intimate partner violence was:

• 15 per cent of depressive disorders
• 11 per cent anxiety disorders
• 17 per cent early pregnancy loss
• 46 per cent homicide and violence
• 19 per cent suicide and self-inflicted injuries.

In 2018, the total burden of disease causally linked to child abuse and neglect was:

• 27 per cent anxiety disorders
• 20 per cent depressive disorders
• 26 per cent suicide and self-inflicted injuries

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Data source

Australian Burden of Disease Study, via: Health outcomes | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Irregular release

Data

As at 30 June 2023, women held:

• 51.6 per cent of Australian Government board positions
• 42.3 per cent of Chair and Deputy Chair positions on Australian Government boards

As at 30 June 2023 ten out of 17 portfolios met or exceeded 50 per cent representation of women on Australian Government boards. 

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Data source

Gender Balance on Australian Government Boards | PM&C

Released annually

Data

As at 28 March 2024:

• Women in the Government: 52.4 per cent
• Women in Parliament: 44.9 per cent
• Women in Cabinet: 43.5 per cent
• Women in the Ministry: 45.2 per cent

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Data source

Address labels and CSV files | Parliament of Australia

Ongoing

Data

Legislative Assemblies as at 7 March 2024:

• NSW: 40.8 per cent women
• Vic: 47.7 per cent women
• Qld: 31.2 per cent women
• WA: 50.8 per cent women
• SA: 34.0 per cent women
• Tas: 40.0 per cent women
• NT: 48.0 per cent women
• ACT: 56.0 per cent women

Legislative Councils as at 7 March 2024:

• NSW: 47.6 per cent women
• Vic: 55.0 per cent women
• Qld: N/A
• WA: 41.6 per cent women
• SA: 50.0 per cent women
• Tas: 53.3 per cent women
• NT: N/A
• ACT: N/A

NB: The parliaments of Qld, ACT and NT are unicameral – they only have one house called the Legislative Assembly.

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Data source

Manual data collection from state and local government websites

Proxy: Australia, Women in Local Government | UN Women

As required

Data

In June 2023, 60.4 per cent of the Australian Public Service are women, with women holding 53.4 per cent of Senior Executive Service roles and 55.4 per cent of Executive Level roles. 

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Data source

State of the Service Report 2022-23 | Australian Public Service Commission

Released annually

Data

In 2023, 44.9 per cent of judicial officers (judges and magistrates) are women. 

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Data source

Judicial Gender Statistics | Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration

Released annually

Data

9 per cent of CEOs in the ASX300 are women. 

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Data source

CEW 2023 Senior Executive Census | Chief Executive Women

Released annually

Data

In 2023:

• 29 per cent of Executive Leadership Team roles in the ASX300 are held by women (note: ELT constitute the CEO and all direct reports to the CEO)
• 18 per cent of CEO pipeline roles (group executive, COO, CFO) in the ASX300 are held by women

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Data source

CEW 2023 Senior Executive Census | Chief Executive Women

Released annually

Data

In 2024, the percentage of female directors on the boards of the ASX300 companies is 36 per cent.

The percentage of ASX300 directorships held by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples is just 0.3 per cent (4 people hold 7 positions).

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Data source

2024 Board Diversity Index - Governance Institute of Australia

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees, 34 per cent of board members were women. 

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Data source

WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA

Released annually

Data

As of 2023, the percentage of women who hold chair positions on ASX300 boards is 12.3 per cent. 

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Data source

Gender Diversity Report | Australian Institute of Company Directors

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees, women occupied 19 per cent of chair positions. 

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Data source

WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23 | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In February 2024, 40 per cent of managers were women.

• 30.2 per cent of chief executives, general managers and legislators were women
• 27.9 per cent of farmers and farm managers were women
• 39.3 per cent of specialist managers were women
• 47.3 per cent of hospitality, retail and service managers were women

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In February 2024, 58 per cent of part-time managers were women and 42 per cent were men.

• 20.1 per cent of female managers and 9.7 per cent of male managers were part-time

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Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In 2022-23, 78.8 per cent of adult women and 52.1 per cent of girls participated in sport at least once per week. Participation was highest for:

• Women aged 45-54 years (83.7 per cent) and lowest for women aged 18-24 years (74.3 per cent).
• Girls aged 9-11 years (66.8 per cent).
• Women living in major cities (83.2 per cent) and lowest for women in remote or very remote areas (77.4 per cent)
• Women employed full-time (85.3 per cent) and lowest for unemployed women (70.3 per cent)
• Women with a university degree or higher (87.3 per cent) and lowest for women who did not complete year 12 (71.1 per cent)
• Women in a couple or single with no children (83.3 per cent) and lowest for women with a younger family (80.7 per cent)
• Non-Indigenous women (82.6 per cent) compared to Indigenous women (72.5 per cent)
• Women who mainly speak English at home (83.6 per cent) and lowest for women who speak a non-European language at home (73.8 per cent)
• Women without a disability (84.8 per cent) compared to women with disability (70.0 per cent)
• Women with a household income above $200,000 a year (91.4 per cent) and lowest for women with a household income below $40,000 a year (75.4 per cent)

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Data source

Australian Sports Commission, AusPlay results July 2022 – June 2023 | Clearinghouse for Sport

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, female sportspersons had an average salary of $29,516 and male sportspersons had an average salary of $66,779; a gender pay gap of 55.8 per cent.

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Data source

Taxation Statistics 2020-21 - Individuals - Table 15 | data.gov.au

Released annually

Data

For 2022-23:

• 52.3 per cent of non-volunteer and 38.8 per cent of volunteer coaches, instructors and trainers were women
• 45.2 per cent of volunteers in non-playing roles (includes the above roles, plus team manager, medical support, ad hoc support, or other) for adult sport were women. 

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Data source

Australian Sports Commission, AusPlay results July 2022 – June 2023 | Clearinghouse for Sport

Released annually

Data

• In the 2024 Australia Day Honours List, women received 50.5 per cent of Order of Australia awards. 
• In the 2023 King’s Birthday Honours List, women received 50.5 per cent of the Order of Australia awards. 

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Data source

Australian Honours Lists | Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

Released annually

Data

In 2021:

• Females represent 31 per cent of sources quoted in news media. 
• Female journalists will quote women in 50 per cent of their stories but male journalists will only quote women in 37 per cent of their stories.
• Women account for 35 per cent of opinion pieces, while men account for 65 per cent.

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Data source

Women for Media Research Reports | Women's Leadership Institute Australia

Released every four years

Data

43 per cent of bylines were written by females. Excluding sport, 51 per cent of bylines were written by females. 

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Data source

Women in Media’s Gender Scorecard | Our Watch

Irregular release

Data

As at March 2024:

• ABC board: 44.4 per cent women
• SBS board: 33.3 per cent women

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Data source

• Who we are - The ABC Board | About the ABC
• SBS board of directors - SBS About

Released annually

Data

In 2022, 39 per cent of sport content consumers had consumed both women's and men's sport. 

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Data source

2022 Media Content Consumption Survey run by DITRDC and the Social Research Centre

Released annually