Baseline report

Data

21.7 per cent in 2022-23.

---

Data source

• WGEA Gender Equality Scorecard 2022-23
• WGEA Employer Gender Pay Gaps Snapshot 2022-23

Annual release

Data

12 per cent in November 2023. 

---

Data source

Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, November 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Semi-annual release

Data

In May 2023, people in the top quartile of earnings earnt $1,956 a week.

• Women made up 36.3 per cent of the top quartile of earners (1.2 million women and 2.1 million men).

---

Data source

Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of women in male-dominated industries was:

• 13.4 per cent in construction
  • 39.8 per cent of women and 11.0 per cent of men were part-time
  • 55.3 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 56.0 per cent of men worked as technicians and trades workers
• 20.9 per cent in mining
  • 14.5 per cent of women and 3.2 per cent of men were part-time
  • 48.9 per cent of women worked as professionals or clerical and administrative workers
  • 67.2 per cent of men worked as machinery operators and drivers or technicians and trades workers
• 23.3 per cent in transport, postal and warehousing
  • 32.5 per cent of women and 18 per cent of men were part-time
  • 37.1 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 56.9 per cent of men worked as machinery operators and drivers
• 27.2 per cent in electricity, gas, water and waste services
  • 17.0 per cent of women and 8.4 per cent of men were part-time
  • 64.4 per cent of women worked as professionals or clerical and administrative workers
  • 46.0 per cent of men worked as technicians and trades workers or professionals
• 29.4 per cent in manufacturing
  • 31.1 per cent of women and 9.3 per cent of men were part-time
  • 24.8 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 32.5 per cent of men worked as technicians and trades workers
• 33.1 per cent in agriculture, forestry and fishing
  • 44.9 per cent of women and 19.8 per cent of men were part-time
  • 46.3 per cent of women and 56.3 per cent of men worked as managers
• 33.2 per cent in wholesale trade
  • 28.2 per cent of women and 12.1 per cent of men were part-time
  • 36.5 per cent of women worked as clerical and administrative workers
  • 44.4 per cent of men worked as managers or machinery operators and drivers
• 39.4 per cent in information media and telecommunications
  • 26.1 per cent of women and 14.6 per cent of men were part-time
  • 47.1 per cent of women and 41.7 per cent of men worked as professionals

---

Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of men in female-dominated industries was:

• 23.1 per cent in health care and social assistance
  • 48.2 per cent of women and 27.5 per cent of men were part-time
  • 74.9 per cent of women and 74.1 per cent of men worked as professionals and community and personal service workers
• 28.0 per cent in education and training
  • 43.8 per cent of women and 29.1 per cent of men were part-time
  • 58.7 per cent of women and 64.5 per cent of men worked as professionals

---

Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In 2021, 35 per cent of the clean energy workforce was female.

---

Data source

The Clean Energy Generation | Jobs and Skills Australia

Released annually

Data

In 2019, the percentage of female employment across key clean energy occupations was:

• Solar installers: 6 per cent
• Energy efficiency engineers: 8 per cent
• Wind turbine technicians: 4 per cent

---

Data source

31 Oct 2023 - Sustainability Engineering and Trades | National Skills Commission - Trove

Irregular release

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of women in ICT occupations was 21.7 per cent.

---

Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

As of February 2024, the percentage of women across occupations was (from most to least segregated):

• 12.7 per cent of machinery operators and drivers
  • 31.1 per cent of women and 16.3 per cent of men were part-time
• 16.5 per cent of technicians and trades workers
  • 39.7 per cent of women and 10.8 per cent of men were part-time
• 72.8 per cent of clerical and administrative workers
  • 39.1 per cent of women and 15.8 per cent of men were part-time
• 69.6 per cent of community and personal services workers
  • 60.1 per cent of women and 41.3 per cent of men were part-time
• 35.0 per cent of labourers
  • 63.2 per cent of women and 38.4 per cent of men were part-time
• 40.0 per cent of managers
  • 20.1 per cent of women and 9.7 per cent of men were part-time
• 59.0 per cent of sales workers
  • 66 per cent of women and 45.1 per cent of men were part-time
• 55.3 per cent of professionals
  • 33.7 per cent of women and 13.7 per cent of men were part-time 

---

Data source

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, February 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released quarterly

Data

In 2022, the proportion of women in STEM-qualified occupations was 15 per cent. 

---

Data source

STEM Equity Monitor | Department of Industry, Science and Resources

Released annually

Data

In 2022, the incidence of workplace sexual harassment for female-dominated industries was:

• 29 per cent for women and 28 per cent for men in education and training
• 18 per cent for women and 25 per cent for men in health care and social assistance

In 2022, the incidence of workplace sexual harassment for male-dominated industries was:

• 71 per cent for women and 30 per cent for men in electricity, gas, water and waste services
• 62 per cent for women and 25 per cent for men in mining
• 47 per cent for women and 17 per cent for men in wholesale trade
• 29 per cent for women and 8 per cent for men in construction
• 26 per cent for women and 15 per cent for men in transport, postal and warehousing 
• 18 per cent for women and 16 per cent for men in manufacturing

---

Data source

Time for respect: fifth national survey on sexual harassment in Australian workplaces | Australian Human Rights Commission

Irregular release

Data

In 2021-22, the work-related injury rate was 3.1 per cent for women and 3.9 per cent for men. The most common industries where injury was experienced were:

• For women, health care and social assistance (27.1 per cent of all injuries experienced by women), education and training (13.8 per cent) and accommodation and food services (12 per cent).
• For men, construction (17 per cent of all injuries experienced by men), public administration and safety (11.6 per cent) and transport, postal and warehousing (11.2 per cent).

---

Data source

Work-related injuries, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Irregular release

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• 98.5 per cent have a policy or strategy in place on sexual harassment
• Of those with a sexual harassment policy or strategy in place:
  • 97.4 per cent have a formal grievance process
  • 88.7 per cent have training for managers

---

Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: The state of gender equality in Australia | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees:

• 79 per cent for gender equality overall
• 88 per cent for recruitment
• 86 per cent for performance management
• 85 per cent for training and development
• 73 per cent for talent identification of high potentials 
• 73 per cent for promotions
• 72 per cent for succession planning
• 70 per cent for retention
• 38 per cent for key performance indicators relating to gender equality

---

Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: The state of gender equality in Australia | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In February 2024, women’s participation rate was 62.9 per cent, compared to 70.7 per cent for men. 

In 2023, the participation rate was lowest for:

• Women aged 65 years and over (11.6 per cent) followed by women aged 55 to 64 years (63.5 per cent). It was highest for women aged 24-34 years (82.6 per cent).
• Women who aren’t married (57.8 per cent) compared to married women (66.3 per cent).
• Women born in countries other than the main English-speaking countries (60.5 per cent) compared to women born in the main English-speaking countries (60.8 per cent) and women born in Australia (63.7 per cent).
• Women whose highest level of educational attainment is year 12 or below (47.4 per cent). It was highest for women with a diploma or above (76.8 per cent).
• Single mothers with non-dependent children (42.2 per cent). It was highest for women in couple families with dependent students over the age of 15 years (85 per cent).

---

Data source

Labour Force, Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released monthly

Data

In 2020-21, median superannuation gaps (men minus women):

• Under 18: $120 (39.1 per cent)
• 18-24 years: $299 (7.1 per cent)
• 25-29 years: -$285 (-1.7 per cent - women have higher balances than men)
• 30-34 years: $6,133 (14.7 per cent)
• 35-39 years: $16,661 (22.5 per cent)
• 40-44 years: $29,127 (27.3 per cent)
• 45-49 years: $43,275 (30.9 per cent)
• 50-54 years: $54,059 (32.4 per cent)
• 55-59 years: $60,549 (31.7 per cent)
• 60-64 years: $53,190 (25.1 per cent)
• 65-69 years: $12,753 (6.0 per cent)
• 70-74 years: $4,102 (1.9 per cent)
• 75 years or more: $5,206 (3.0 per cent)
• Total (all ages): $14,914 (21.7 per cent)

---

Data source

Individuals statistics | Australian Taxation Office

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, 18.7 per cent of retired women’s main source of personal income at retirement was superannuation (compared to 34.7 per cent of retired men).

---

Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, 18.6 per cent of retired women had no sources of personal income at retirement (compared to 3.1 per cent of men).

---

Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

In 2020-21, 34 per cent of retired women relied on their partner’s income to meet their living costs at retirement (compared to 7 per cent of retired men). 

---

Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually

Data

In 2022, median superannuation income was $18,500 for women and $25,000 for men. 

---

Data source

Department of Social Services; Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, 2023, "The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, GENERAL RELEASE 22 (Waves 1-22)", https://doi.org/10.26193/R4IN30, ADA Dataverse, V7

Released annually

This indicator uses unit record data from the HILDA Survey. The HILDA Project was initiated and is funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services (DSS) and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (Melbourne Institute). The findings are those of the Government and should not be attributed to either DSS or the Melbourne Institute.

Data

In 2020-21, median annual personal income from investment was $105 for women and $103 for men (a gender gap of –1.9 per cent).

• At the 75th percentile, this widens to $2,168 for women and $2,389 for men (a gap of 9.3 per cent).
• For people aged 65 years and over, median investment income was $2,995 for women and $2,237 for men (a gap of –33.9 per cent), widening to $14,115 for women and $12,802 for men at the 75th percentile (–10.3 per cent).

---

Data source

Personal Income in Australia, 2020-21 | Australian Bureau of Statistics, customised data request

Released annually

Data

In February 2024, 54.6 per cent of age pension recipients aged 65 to 85 years were women, and 63.3 per cent of age pension recipients aged 85 years and older were women

---

Data source

DSS Income Support Recipients – Monthly Time Series | data.gov.au

Released monthly

Data

Of those who retired in 2020, the average age at retirement from the labour force was 63.7 for women and 65.4 for men. 

---

Data source

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, 2020-21 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every two years

Data

In 2022-23, of private sector employers with 100 or more employees, that offer employer-funded paid parental leave (63%) - 86 per cent pay superannuation on that leave. 14 per cent of employers pay superannuation on government-funded parental leave and 13 per cent are paying superannuation on unpaid leave. 

• 65 per cent pay super only on employer-funded leave
• 7 per cent pay super on employer-funded and government-funded leave
• 7 per cent pay super on employer-funded, government-funded and unpaid leave
• 5 per cent pay super on employer-funded and unpaid leave
• 1 per cent pay super only on government-funded leave. 
• (note these figures may not add up to the above due to rounding)

---

Data source

WGEA Scorecard 2022-23: The state of gender equality in Australia | WGEA

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, there were 273,648 specialist homelessness services clients, of which 59.4 per cent were women. 

• 21.1 per cent of female clients were aged 25-34 years
• The main source of income for female clients were the Parenting payment (25.6 per cent), JobSeeker payment (23.9 per cent) and Disability support pension (12.1 per cent)
• For women the most common main reason for seeking assistance was family and domestic violence (16.3 per cent), for men it was housing crisis (11.2 per cent)
• 65.1 per cent of all young people presenting alone to services were women
• 59 per cent of female clients were in major cities, 34.3 per cent were in regional areas and 6.7 per cent were in remote and very remote areas
• 28.6 per cent of female clients were Indigenous
• 52.8 per cent of older clients seeking assistance were female
• 2.3 per cent of female clients had a disability
• 32.8 per cent of female clients had a mental health issue
• 87.2 per cent of all clients were born in Australia
• 14.7 per cent of all clients spoke a language other than English at home; 20.6 per cent of these spoke Aboriginal English

---

Data source

Specialist homelessness services annual report 2022–23, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2022-23, there were 70,314 unassisted specialist homelessness services requests, of which 65.9 per cent were women. 

---

Data source

Specialist homelessness services annual report 2022–23, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2022, there were 418,434 social housing households, 4.1 per cent of all households. 

• In 62.3 per cent of these households, the main tenant was female.

---

Data source

Housing assistance in Australia, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released annually

Data

In 2021:

• 25.2 per cent of women and 23.7 per cent of men lived in housing owned outright
• 38.5 per cent of women and 38.9 per cent of men lived in housing owned with a mortgage
• 27.6 per cent of women and 27.7 per cent of men lived in rented housing
• 1.6 per cent of women and 1.5 per cent of men lived in housing under another tenure arrangement.

---

Data source

Housing: Census, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released every five years

Data

In 2022, median housing costs were 14.9 per cent of household disposable income; 29.0 per cent of households had no housing costs. 

---

Data source

AIHW Housing Data Dashboard | Housing data

Released annually

Data

In 2023, the average national residential dwelling price was $919,000.

• This is 10.3 times women’s annual full-time salary and 9.0 times men’s annual full-time salary.

---

Data source

Total Value of Dwellings, March Quarter 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics 

Released monthly

Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, November 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au)

Released every six months

Data

In 2021, 71.3 per cent of women social housing tenants are satisfied or very satisfied with services provided (compared to 75.7 per cent of men). 

---

Data source

National Social Housing Survey 2021, Data | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Released every two to three years

Data

On Census night 2021, 122,494 people were estimated to be homeless; 55.9 per cent of these were male and 44.1 per cent of these were female.

• 51 per cent of Indigenous Australians experiencing homelessness are female.
• 23.4 per cent of women experiencing homelessness are Indigenous.
• Young females had a homelessness rate of 70 people per 10,000 and young males had a rate of 71 per 10,000.
• Young females were more likely than males to be in supported housing (26.6 per cent) or staying temporarily with other households (9.9 per cent).
• Older females had a rate of 19 people per 10,000 and older males had a rate of 34 per 10,000.
• Older females were more like to be living in severely crowded dwellings (30.5 per cent), staying temporarily with other households (26.7 per cent) or in supported accommodation (16.9 per cent).

---

Data source

Estimating Homelessness: Census, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (via TableBuilder)

Released every five years

Data

In 2020-21, 41.6 per cent of owner-managers of unincorporated enterprises were female.

• 22.8 per cent of female owners were aged between 35 and 44 years and 21.8 per cent were aged between 45 to 54 years.

---

Data source

Jobs in Australia, 2020-21 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

Released annually